Публикации

Non-contact navigated laser retinopexy for peripheral retinal tears and rhegmatogenous degenerations: first experience. Shaimova VA, Shaimov TB, Kulikov AN, Shaimov RB, Maltsev DS, Zarezina AS, Kravchenko TG, Galin AY, Islamova GR, Malinovskaya MA, Dmukh TS, Kuchkildina SK, Titova SV, Panin MA. Vestn Oftalmol. 2021;137(1):46-52. English, Russian. doi: 10.17116/oftalma202113701146. PMID: 33610149

Comparison of Pain Scores Among Patients Undergoing Conventional and Novel Panretinal Photocoagulation for Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review. Azarcon, C. P., & Artiaga, J. C. M. (2021). Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, NZ), 15, 953. PubMed PMID: 33688163

Safety and efficacy of the use of navigated retinal laser as a method of laser retinopexy in the treatment of symptomatic retinal tears. Somoskeoy, T., & Shah, P. (2020). Eye, 1-5. Pubmed PMID: 32587386

Сравнение болевых ощущений и времени, необходимого для предварительно запланированного навигационного периферического лазерного лечения и лечения обычным многоточечным лазером при диабетической ретинопатии. Аморосо Ф., Пединиелли А., Астроз П. (Astroz, P.), Семоун О. (Semoun, O.), Капуано В. (Capuano, V.), Миере А. (Miere, A.), & Суйед Е.Х. (2019). Acta diabetologica, 1-7. Pubmed PMID: 31749047

Retinal Vascular Oxygen Saturation in Response to a Less Extensive Laser Treatment in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Vergmann, Anna Stage, Thomas Lee Torp, Ryo Kawasaki, Danjal Hofgaard Hestoy, Tien Yin Wong, Tunde Peto, und Jakob Grauslund. Acta Ophthalmologica n/a, Nr. n/a (23. Dezember 2020). PMID: 33354935

Efficacy and Side Effects of Individualized Panretinal Photocoagulation. Vergmann AS, Nguyen TT, Lee Torp T, et al. Ophthalmology Retina. 2020;4(6):642-644. doi:10.1016/j.oret.2020.02.006 PubMed PMID 32278741

[Preventive laser treatment of tractional symptomatic retinal flap tears: long-term outcomes]. Shaimova, V. A., T. B. Shaimov, E. V. Boiko, R. B. Shaimov, A. S. Zarezina, T. G. Kravchenko, A. Yu Galin, u. a.“. Vestnik Oftalmologii 136, Nr. 3 (2020): 32–38. PMID: 32504474

Comparison of Navigated Laser and Conventional Single-Spot Laser System for Induced Pain during Panretinal Photocoagulation. Polat, Onur, Sibel Inan, Zeki Baysal, Safiye Yigit, und Umit Ubeyt Inan. Lasers in Medical Science 35, Nr. 3 (April 2020): 687–93. Pubmed PMID: 31741148

Навигационное лазерное лечение сетчатки как новый метод лазерной ретинопексии при разрыве сетчатки. Гологорски Даниэль (Gologorsky, Daniel); Розен Ричард Б. (Rosen, Richard B.); Джовинаццо Джером (Giovinazzo, Jerome); Янсен Майкл (Jansen, Michael); Ланда Геннадий (Landa, Gennady), Ди Джессика (Lee, Jessica). Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers & Imaging Retina. Апрель 2018. 49:e206-e209. PubMed PMID: 30457657

Cравнительное исследование навигационной паттернсканирующей лазерной системы и одноточечной лазерной системы в послеоперационной лазерной ретинопексии. Куликов А.Н., Мальцев Д.С. и Бойко Э.В. Российский офтальмологический журнал (2016). PubMed PMID: 28070417

Сравнение оценок по шкале боли у пациентов, перенесших панретинальную фотокоагуляцию, с использованием навигационных или паттернсканирующих лазерных систем. Инан Умит Убейт (Inan, Umit Ubeyt), Онур Полат (Onur Polat), Сибел Инан (Sibel Inan), Сафийе Йигит (Safiye Yigit) и Зеки Байсал (Zeki Baysal). Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia 79, № 1 (2016). PubMed PMID: 26840160

Целенаправленная лазерная коагуляция периферической ишемии для лечения рецидивирующего отека. Сингер Майкл (Singer, Michael), Кришна Сурапанени (Krishna Surapaneni), Шринивас Садда (Srinivas Sadda) и Колин Тан (Colin Tan). Clinical Ophthalmology, февраль 2015, 337. PubMed PMID: 25709396

Панретинальная навигационная лазерная фотокоагуляция при ПДР. Лин К. (Lin, K.) и Лу С. (S. Lu). Retina Today, 2014, 65-70. link

Сравнение традиционной паттернсканирующей и новой навигационной панретинальной лазерной коагуляции при пролиферативной диабетической ретинопатии. Чхаблани Джей (Chhablani, Jay), Энни Матаи (Annie Mathai), Падмая Рани (Padmaja Rani), Вишали Гупта (Vishali Gupta), Дж. Фернандо Аревало (J. Fernando Arevalo) и Игорь Козак.  Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 55, № 6 (4 июня 2014): 3432. PubMed PMID: 24787564

Direct navigated focal laser photocoagulation of choroidal neovascularization in central serous chorioretinopathy. Maltsev, D. S., Kulikov, A. N., Vasiliev, A. S., Kazak, A. A., Kalinicheva, Y. A., & Chhablani, J. (2025). Lasers in medical science, 40(1), 173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04425-8

Conclusion: Navigated focal laser photocoagulation (FLP) of the area of CNV is an effective and safe option in the management of CSCR complicated by relatively small extrafoveal neovascular membranes.

Treatment of Patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy using Navigated Laser Photocoagulation. Tesař, J., & Šín, M. (2025). Ceska a slovenska oftalmologie : casopis Ceske oftalmologicke spolecnosti a Slovenske oftalmologicke spolecnosti, 81(Ahead of Print), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.31348/2025/11

Conclusion: Focal laser treatment of hotspots in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy is still a very effective treatment method. Juxtafoveolar lesions can also be treated with a high degree of safety using a Navilas navigation laser.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography–Navigated Laser Photocoagulation of Retinal Hemangioblastomas in Patients With von Hippel–Lindau Disease; Yannik Laich, Navid Farassat, Viviane Grewing, Daniel Boehringer, Felicitas Bucher, Peter M. Maloca, Thomas Reinhard, Stefan J. Lang, Hansjuergen Agostini, Michael Reich; Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech. 2024;13(7):8. https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.13.7.8

Conclusions: OCTA-guided LP via the Navilas Laser System is a promising technique, especially beneficial for targeting small RHs. Combining OCTA and ophthalmoscopy improves tumor detection, underscoring the utility of this approach.

Navigated Focal Laser of Macular Telangiectasia Type I (Adult-Onset Coats' Disease); Amoroso, F., Miere, A., Colantuono, D., Pedinielli, A., Cohen, S. Y., & Souied, E. (2024).). Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina, 1–7. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.3928/23258160-20240412-02

Abstract: We aimed to evaluate the anatomical and functional outcome of selective photocoagulation of idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 1 by navigated focal laser (Navilas, OD-OS GmBH). Consecutive patients with idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 1 were included in the analysis. All patients were treated with navigated focal laser, planned on multimodal imaging. Seven eyes of seven patients were retrospectively analyzed. Navigated laser photocoagulation of idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 1 successfully occluded the microaneurysms, inducing regression of macular edema and exudation, significative improvement in best-corrected visual acuity at 3 (P = 0.035) and 6 months (P = 0.034) and a decrease in central macular thickness at 3 (P = 0.01) and 6 months (P = 0.01). Patients with idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 1 are ideal candidates for navigated laser treatment. Navigated focal treatment has been shown to be effective and safe in occluding aneurysmal dilations without any side effects.

Navigated direct photocoagulation with a 30-ms short-pulse laser for treating microaneurysms in diabetic macular edema exhibits a high closure rate. Ikegami Y, Shiraya T, Araki F, et al. Sci Rep, 2023;13(1):6092. PMCID: PMC10102157

Results & conclusion: “There was no difference in the MA closure rate depending on the degree of edema thickness based on a false-color topographic OCT map image. Direct photocoagulation for DME with a short pulse using the navigated photocoagulator resulted in a high MA closure rate in just 3 months and a corresponding improvement in retinal thickness. These findings encourage the use of a new therapeutic approach for DME.”

Microperimetric analysis of diabetic macular edema after navigated direct photocoagulation with short-pulse laser for microaneurysms. Ikegami Y, Shiraya T, Araki F, et al. Int J Retina Vitreous, 2023;9(1):12. PMCID: PMC9979500

Conclusions: „Retinal thickness improved in the coagulated edema area without a decrease in RS after direct photocoagulation of MAs with a short 30-ms pulse using Navilas. This promising therapeutic strategy for DME is effective and minimally invasive.”

Efficacy of Navigated Laser Photocoagulation for Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Retrospective Observational Study - Zhou F, Yao J, Jiang Q, Yang W. Dis Markers. 20. April 2022;2022:7792291. PMID: 35465265

Conclusion: Navigated laser photocoagulation for chronic CSCR can achieve substantial anatomical and visual improvement. OCT outcomes may provide new information to facilitate understanding of the mechanism of chronic CSCR. Navigated laser photocoagulation should be chosen as an optimal treatment option in patients with chronic CSCR who cannot afford photodynamic therapy.

Selective Photocoagulation of Capillary Macroaneurysms by Navigated Focal Laser.  Amoroso, F., Pedinielli, A., Colantuono, D., Jung, C., Capuano, V., Souied, E. H., & Miere, A. (2021). Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina, 52(7), 366-373. Pubmed PMID: 34309425

OCTA-Guided Navigated Laser Therapy for Advanced Macula Neovascularization Secondary to Age Related Macular Degeneration. Amoroso, Francesca, Eric H Souied, Salomon Yves Cohen, Alexandre Pedinielli, Polina Astroz, Rocio Blanco Garavito, Vittorio Capuano, Giuseppe Querques, und Alexandra Miere. European Journal of Ophthalmology, 22. Dezember 2020, 1120672120983191.
Pubmed PMID: 3335340

Efficacy of navigated focal laser photocoagulation in diabetic macular edema planned with en face optical coherence tomography versus fluorescein angiography. Maltsev, D. S., Kulikov, A. N., Burnasheva, M. A., Kazak, A. A., & Chhablani, J. (2020). International Ophthalmology, 1-9. Pubmed PMID: 32285237

Information Technology for Decision-Making Support for Personalized Parameter Selection in Retinal Laser Treatment and Photocoagulation Outcome Prognostication. Ilyasova, N. Yu., A. S. Shirokanev, N. S. Demin, R. A. Paringer, und E. A. Zamytskiy. Optical Memory and Neural Networks 29, Nr. 4 (1. Oktober 2020): 358–67. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1060992X20040098.

Management of Coats Disease Microaneurysms With Fundus Fluorescein Angiography-Guided Navigated Laser. Brown, D., Kozak, I., Lampen, S. I., & Chhablani, J. (2019). Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases, 3(1), 36-41. pdf on ResearchGate

Clinical application of fluorescein angiography-free navigated focal laser photocoagulation in central serous chorioretinopathy. Maltsev, D. S., Kulikov, A. N., & Chhablani, J. (2019). Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina, 50(4), e118-e124. PubMed PMID: 30998255

Фокальная навигационная лазерная фотокоагуляция с ангиографией с индоцианином зеленым при диабетическом макулярном отеке. Нозаки М. (Nozaki, M.), Като А. (Kato, A.), Ясукава Т. (Yasukawa, T.), Сузуки К. (Suzuki, K.), Йошида М. (Yoshida, M.), & Огура Й. (Ogura, Y.) (2019). Japanese journal of ophthalmology, 1-12. PubMed PMID: 30806869 

Прямая навигационная лазерная фотокоагуляция в качестве основного метода лечения артериальных макроаневризм сетчатки. Мальцев Д.С.; Куликов А.Н.; Упланчивар Бхушан (Uplanchiwar, Bhushan); Лима Луис Х. (Lima, Luiz H.); Чхаблани Джей. Int J Retin Vitr (2018) 4:28 PubMed PMID: 30151240

Навигационная лазерная фотокоагуляция у пациентов с неразрешимой и хронической центральной серозной хориоретинопатией. Мюллер Б. (Müller, B.), Татсиос Й. (Tatsios, J.), Клоннер Й. (Klonner, J.), Пилгер Д. (Pilger, D.), & Йоссен А.М. (Joussen, A. M.) (2018). Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 1-8. PubMed PMID: 29876733

Оценка навигационной лазерной фотокоагуляции (Navilas 577+) в лечении диабетического макулярного отека. Като Фусаэ (Kato, Fusae), Михо Нозаки (Miho Nozaki), Аки Като (Aki Kato), Норио Хасегава (Norio Hasegawa), Хироши Морита (Hiroshi Morita), Муненори Йошида (Munenori Yoshida) и Йуичиро Огура (Yuichiro Ogura). 2018. Journal of Ophthalmology 2018: 1–7. PubMed PMID: 29854426

Решение проблем, связанных с заболеваниями сетчатки, с помощью лазерного лечения. Раджан Гупта (Rajan Gupta), Джей Чхаблани (2018). Retina Today 2018 том 13, № 8 (с. 24).

Лечение макроаневризмов при макулярном отеке: лазер с навигацией представляет новое поколение лечения с помощью лазерной коагуляции. Дж. К. Рамел (J. C. Ramel). Ophthalmology Times декабрь 2018, том 14, № 10, с. 27

Время, необходимое для проведения навигационной лазерной коагуляции с помощью Navilas®. Обер (Ober), Майкл Д. (Michael D.), Маркус Кернт (Marcus Kernt), Марко А. Кортес (Marco A. Cortes) и Игорь Козак. Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 251, № 4 (апрель 2013): 1049–53. PubMed PMID: 22868445

Офтальмологический лазер с навигацией снижает частоту повторного лечения диабетического макулярного отека по сравнению с обычным офтальмологическим лазером. Кернт, Маркус, A. Кампик, Нойбауэр, Лангер, Вольф (Wolf), Козак, Зайденштикер (Seidensticker), Ульбиг и Фримен. “Clinical Ophthalmology, январь 2013, 121. PubMed PMID: 23345966

Болевые ощущения и точность фокального лазерного лечения диабетического макулярного отека с помощью лазера для сетчатки с навигацией (Navilas). Кернт, Маркус, Шато (Cheuteu), Черхати (Cserhati), Зайденштикер, Лигль, Ланг, Кристос Харитоглу (Christos Haritoglou), A. Кампик, Ульбиг и Нойбауэр. Clinical Ophthalmology, февраль 2012, 289. PubMed PMID: 22393280

Клиническая оценка и точность лечения диабетического макулярного отека с использованием лазерного фотокоагулятора с навигацией NAVILAS. Козак Игорь, Стивен Ф. Остер (Stephen F. Oster), Марко А. Кортес, Деннис Дауэлл, Катрин Хартманн, Чжэ Сок Ким (Jae Suk Kim) и Уильям Р. Фримен. Ophthalmology 118, № 6 (июнь 2011): 1119–24. PubMed PMID: 21269701

Advancements in the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema: Current Strategies and Future Directions; Czach, Z., et al (2024). Advancements in the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema: Current Strategies and Future Directions. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 73, 51687. https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2024.73.51687

Conclusions: The management of DME has undergone a significant evolution, providing a diverse range of therapeutic options. Each of these options has its own benefits and limitations. A multifaceted approach, tailored to the individual patient's needs, combining anti-VEGF agents, steroid therapies, and advanced laser techniques, appears to be the most effective strategy for managing diabetic macular edema. 

The Role of Laser Photocoagulation in Treating Diabetic Macular Edema in the Era of Intravitreal Drug Administration. Nozaki M, Ando R, Kimura T, Kato F, Yasukawa T. Medicina, 2023;59(7):1319. PMCID: PMC10385537

Conclusion: “In the future, novel treatments such as gene therapy or anti-inflammatory drugs might be poised to play a crucial role in the management of DME. Nevertheless, recent advancements in laser technology and multimodal imaging have demonstrated new potential applications for laser photocoagulation, even in the era of widespread use of anti-VEGF drugs and steroids. These innovative techniques aim to optimize treatment outcomes while minimizing adverse events and alleviating the burden of frequent injections, thereby offering significant value to DME management. These developments instill hope for patients with DME and underscore the importance of ongoing research in the field of laser photocoagulation.”

Perifoveal exudative vascular anomalous complex treated with navigated retina laser. Remolí-Sargues L, Montero-Hernández J, Monferrer Adsuara C, Castro Navarro V, Cervera-Taulet E. Journal Français d’Ophtalmologie [Internet]. 2021 Jul 30 [cited 2021 Sep 6]; Read article

Conclusion: We presented a case of PEVAC treated with combined intravitreal injections of ranibizumab and focal Navilas®. For the best of our knowledge, the management of our case with focal Navilas® demonstrated good anatomical and functional results. Therefore, Navilas® may be an effective and safe treatment in PEVAC, but further studies are needed to confirm the use of Navilas® as the first therapeutic option.

Long-term outcomes of treat-and-extend ranibizumab with and without navigated laser for diabetic macular oedema: TREX-DME 3-year results. Payne, J. F., Wykoff, C. C., Clark, W. L., Bruce, B. B., Boyer, D. S., & Brown, D. M. (2020). British Journal of Ophthalmology. Pubmed PMID: 32303499
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Background/aims: To evaluate the long-term effects of treat-and-extend dosing of ranibizumab with and without navigated focal laser for diabetic macular oedema (DME).

Conclusion: The improvements achieved after 2 years of treat-and-extend ranibizumab for DME were maintained in the third year with a mean of 3 intravitreal injections.

A summary of all three publications of the TREX trial can be found here: https://www.od-os.com/expertlibrary/the-role-of-navigated-laser-in-trex-dme/

Aflibercept and navigated versus conventional laser in diabetic macular oedema: a 12‐month randomized clinical trial. Blindbæk, S. L., Peto, T., & Grauslund, J. (2020). Acta Ophthalmologica, 98(4), 347-352. Pubmed PMID: 31602811

Retinal arteriolar oxygen saturation predicts the need for intravitreal aflibercept in patients with diabetic macular oedema. Blindbæk SL, Peto T, Grauslund J. BMJ Open Ophthalmology. 2020;5(1):e000382. doi:10.1136/bmjophth-2019-000382 PubMed MID 32524033

Лазер с навигацией при диабетическом макулярном отеке: влияние сниженной инъекционной нагрузки на пациентов и врачей, плюсы и минусы. Менцлер Я., Нойбауэр А., Цимсен Ф. (Ziemssen F.), Int J Ophthalmol 2019;12(2):342-345,doi:10.18240/ijo.2019.02.24

Данные за 3 года о комбинированном лечении навигационной лазерной коагуляцией (Navilas) и интравитреальными инъекциями ранибизумаба в сравнении с монотерапией ранибизумабом у пациентов с ДМО.  Херольд Т.Р. (Herold, T. R.), Лангер Дж., Вонотрипидис Э. (Vounotrypidis, E.), Кернт M., Лигль Р., & Приглингер З.Г. (Priglinger, S. G.) (2018). PloS one, 13(8), e0202483. PubMed PMID: 30138384

От искусства к науке в лечении ДМО. АНГ Л.И. (ANG LI), Б.А. (BA) и РУМНИК БЕДИ (RUMNEEK BEDI). “По состоянию на 15 марта 2017. link

Навигационная макулярная лазерная коагуляция в комбинации с анти-VEGF терапией: прецизионное лечение макулярного отека на «сухой» сетчатке. Бойко Э.В. и Мальцев Д.С. Российский офтальмологический журнал 2017 (2017): 1–9. PubMed PMID: 28316837

Результаты 12-месячной стандартизированной комбинированной терапии диабетического макулярного отека: интравитреальные инъекции бевацизумаба и навигационная лазерная коагуляция сетчатки. Бартезелли Джулио (Barteselli, Giulio), Игорь Козак, Шариф Эль-Эмам (Sharif El-Emam), Джей Чхаблани, Марко А. Кортес и Уильям Р. Фримен. British Journal of Ophthalmology 98, № 8 (август 2014): 1036–41. PubMed PMID: 24723616

Сравнительная оценка навигационной лазерной фотокоагуляции в комбинации с интравитреальными инъекциями ранибизумаба в лечении диабетического макулярного отека. Лигль Рафаэль, Джулиан Лангер, Флориан Зайденштикер, Лукас Резничек (Lukas Reznicek), Кристос Харитоглу, Михаэль В. Ульбиг, Алеша С. Нойбауэр, Анзельм Кампик и Маркус Кернт. Под редакцией Деметриоса Вавваса (Demetrios Vavvas). PLoS ONE 9, № 12 (26 декабря 2014). PubMed PMID: 25541960

Фокальное лазерное лечение диабетического макулярного отека с помощью лазерной системы NAVILAS – результаты серии случаев за год. Юнг (Jung), Джесси Дж. (Jesse J.), Роберто Галлего-Пинацо (Roberto Gallego-Pinazo), Антонио ллео-Перес (Antonio Lleó-Pérez), Джонатан И. Хуц (Jonathan I. Huz) и Ирэн А. Барбацетто (Irene A. Barbazetto). The Open Ophthalmology Journal 7, № 1 (2013). PubMed PMID:  24082979

Evaluating Photodynamic Therapy vs. Subthreshold Micropulse Laser for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Retrospective Study. Vergleich von photodynamischer Therapie mit Subthreshold-Micropulse-Lasertherapie bei Chorioretinopathia centralis serosa. Spitznagel, T., Fasler, K., Zoellin, J., Gunzinger, J. M., Sommer, C., Kinzl, S., Muth, D. R., Turgut, F., Saad, A., Becker, M., Somfai, G. M., & Zweifel, S. (2025). Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde, 242(4), 405–412. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2542-4969

Conclusion: Both PDT and SML demonstrated improvements in SRF, CST and VA, with SML presenting as a comparable alternative, particularly in cases where access to verteporfin is limited.

Subthreshold Laser Titration Database in a Population with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and Dome-Shaped Macula Enríquez-Fuentes, J. E., Valverde-Megías, A., Alarcón-García, A. D., Oribio-Quinto, C., Chhablani, J., & Fernández-Vigo, J. I. (2025). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(3), 953. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030953

Conclusion: This study highlights the broad power range required for effective subthreshold laser (STL) titration and emphasizes the need for individualized treatment parameters to optimize outcomes. No significant differences in titration power were found regarding macular disease type, CMT, or sex. However, a mild correlation between PT, SE, and age was observed.

Fluorescein angiography patterns and subretinal hyperreflective material predict subthreshold micropulse laser response in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy Iovino, C., Iodice, C.M., Damiano, L. et al. BMC Ophthalmol 24, 478 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-024-03711-3

Conclusion:  FA hyperfluorescence pattern and presence of SHRM may predict SML treatment response in cCSC patients.

Yellow Subthreshold Micropulse Laser in Retinal Diseases: An In-Depth Analysis and Review of the Literature. Iovino C, Iodice CM, Pisani D, et al. Ophthalmol Ther, 2023;12(3):1479-1500. PMCID: PMC10164197

Conclusions: “The YSML has progressively been recognized as an effective treatment option for several chorioretinal diseases. A growing body of evidence highlights its efficacy and safety in both short- and long-term follow-ups. Based on the literature, YSML can be considered a safe, cost-effective and non-invasive therapeutic procedure. It is less destructive with fewer potential adverse effects like CNV, RPE atrophy or choroidal ischemia compared to CW laser. Nevertheless, a more accurate standardization of laser setting protocols is still desired, and a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms would be pivotal for the future advancement and optimization of this relatively new treatment approach. Further randomized prospective studies with longer follow-up and larger sample size studies are warranted to confirm its role in chorioretinal diseases management.”

Fluorescein angiography patterns and subretinal hyperreflective material predict subthreshold micropulse laser response in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy Iovino, C., Iodice, C.M., Damiano, L. et al. BMC Ophthalmol 24, 478 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-024-03711-3

Conclusion:  FA hyperfluorescence pattern and presence of SHRM may predict SML treatment response in cCSC patients.

Visual and anatomical evaluation of navigated subthreshold micropulse laser versus photodynamic therapy in managing chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Toto L, Ares I, Quarta A, Viggiano P, Ruggeri M, Formenti F, Boscia G, Porreca A, Di Nicola M, Boscia F, Mastropasqua R. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2024 Oct 19. doi: 10.1007/s00417-024-06666-9. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39425791. Link

Conclusion: Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed no significant differences except for choroidal thickness. Even though patients treated with PDT recovered more quickly, retreatment was necessary due to fluid recollection. Although patients treated with nSML also needed retreatment, nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.

Choroidal and Choriocapillaris Changes after Photodynamic Therapy and Subthreshold Micropulse Laser Treatment for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Ruggeri ML, Di Nicola M, Passamonti M, Lorenzi C, Quarta A, Mastropasqua R, Toto L. Medicina. 2024; 60(10):1674. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60101674

Conclusion: PDT and SML are effective approaches in CSC eyes and are able to improve structural and functional parameters over time. Choroidal and choriocapillaris parameters are promising biomarkers able to monitor disease course, showing greater impact of PDT on choroid-choriocapillaris complex over time.

Microsecond Pulsing Laser for Choroidal Neovascularization Associated with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Dmitrii S. Maltsev, Alexei N. Kulikov, Alexander S. Vasiliev, Alina A. Kazak, Yana A. Kalinicheva & Jay Chhablani (23 Oct 2024, Current Eye Research, DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2419667

Conclusion: Microsecond pulsing laser is an effective and safe option for the treatment of CSCR complicated by relatively small CNV and achieves complete resolution of SRF in 61% of cases.

Variability of thermal subthreshold retinal laser treatment plans. Rahn, U., Rahn, C. D., Arora, S., Ng, E., Kozak, I., Chhablani, J., & Subthreshold Laser Planning Group (2024). Scientific reports, 14

(1), 22723. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73763-4

Conclusion: There is significant variability in treatment planning which reduces with increased experience of retina specialists. While consensus is observed around focal points, differences in the surrounding extents persist.

Micropulse Laser versus Eplerenone for Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A 12-Month Comparison. Viggiano, P., Boscia, G., Borrelli, E., Evangelista, F., Giancipoli, E., Mastropasqua, R., Quarta, A., Grassi, M. O., Aloia, R., Alessio, G., Toto, L., & Boscia, F. (2024). Ophthalmology and therapy, 13(12), 3175–3188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-024-01059-x

Conclusions: Both navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (NSML) and continuous oral eplerenone (EPL) improved retinal morphology and visual function in patients with cCSC. NSML achieved faster SRF resolution, while EPL resulted in more significant choroidal thickness reduction. These findings suggest distinct mechanisms of action: NSML primarily affects the retinal pigment epithelium, while EPL modulates choroidal vasculature. Treatment choice may depend on individual patient characteristics and treatment goals

Functional and anatomical results of subthreshold micropulse laser as rescue treatment for central serous chorioretinopathy after verteporfin shortage. Oribio-Quinto, C., Alarcón-Garcia, A. D., Enriquez-Fuentes, J., Burgos-Blasco, B., & Fernandez-Vigo, J. I. (2024). Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy, 104295. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104295

Conclusion: A significant anatomical improvement in SRF and a decrease in SFCT were observed in patients with CSCR who were previously waiting for PDT and were rescued by HSML. However, the rate of complete SRF resolution was low.

Efficacy of Subthreshold Micropulse Laser for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy; Fasler K, Turgut F, Gunzinger JM, Sommer C, Muth DR, Kinzl S, Nilius H, Zweifel S, Somfai GM. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2024 Apr;241(4):489-495. English. doi: 10.1055/a-2229-2298. Epub 2024 Apr 23. PMID: 38653299. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38653299/

Conclusion: The effectiveness of SML (subthreshold micropulse laser ) in CSCR is under continuous debate. Our study findings demonstrate structural but only little functional changes with SML. In view of the shortage of verteporfin for photodynamic therapy, SML remains an important therapeutic option for CSCR patients.

Safety and efficacy of the yellow sub-threshold micropulse laser for uveitic macular edema: A pilot study. Bellucci C, Bruni F, Radice LM, et al. Eur J Ophthalmol, 2024;0(0). doi:10.1177/11206721241237919

Conclusions: “The application of YSLM for UME has not previously been mentioned in literature. Our results were promising in terms of both safety and efficacy. This would authorize further studies on the procedure, also as a first line treatment in naif UME cases.”

Navigated yellow subthreshold micropulse laser for refractory cystoid macular edema following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery. Iovino C, Rosolia A, Marano E, Della Corte M, Testa F, Simonelli F. (2023) Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep, Dec 28;33. PMCID: PMC10809002

Conclusions and importance: “YSML treatment may be considered a safe and effective treatment strategy for the management of refractory CME following complex RRD surgery cases.”

Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant (IDI) Alone and Combined with Navigated 577 nm Subthreshold Micropulse Laser (SML) for Diabetic Macular Oedema - Toto, L; D’Aloisio R, Quarta A et al. Journal of Clinical Medicine. Januar 2022;11(17):5200. PMID: 36079129

Conclusion: The combined treatment showed good anatomical and functional outcomes for the treatment of DMO. In addition, IDI/SML seems to reduce injection frequency over time, improving patients’ quality of life and reducing the socio-economic burden.

Short-term comparison between navigated subthreshold microsecond pulse laser and oral eplerenone for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Toto L, D’Aloisio R, De Nicola C, Evangelista F, Ruggeri ML, Cerino L, et al. Sci Rep. 18. März 2022;12:4727. PubMed PMCID: PMC8933552

Conclusion: Both navigated SML and oral eplerenone were effective treatments showing recovery of retinal morphology and related visual acuity improvement in cCSC.

Navigated 577-nm subthreshold micropulse retinal laser treatment for peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome. Iovino C, Di Iorio V, Paolercio L, Giordano C, Testa F, Simonelli F. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 21. November 2022;28:101757. PubMed PMID: 36457561

Conclusions and importance: SML can be considered an efficacious treatment option in patients with PPS. Prospective studies with longer follow-up in a bigger cohort are needed to confirm the optimal treatment strategy in PPS.

Navigated micropulse laser for central serous chorioretinopathy: Efficacy, safety, and predictive factors of treatment response. Amoroso, F., Pedinielli, A., Cohen, S. Y., Jung, C., Chhablani, J., Astroz, P., ... & Miere, A. (2021). European Journal of Ophthalmology, 11206721211064021. PubMed PMID: 34846180

Determination of Micropulse Modes with Targeted Damage to the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Using Computer Modeling for the Development of Selective Individual Micropulse Retinal Therapy. Ivanova, E. V., Volodin, P. L., & Guskov, A. V. (2021). Current Eye Research, 1-8. PubMed PMID: 34607475

Safety of various parameter sets with navigated microsecond pulsing laser in central serous chorioretinopathy. International Journal of Retina and Vitreous. Chhablani, J., Kalra, G., Alkwatli, L., Fassbender, B., Amoroso, F., Chandra, K., ... & Souied, E. (2021). 7(1), 1-7. PubMed PMID: 34656180

Clinical Evaluation of Individualized and Navigated Microsecond Pulsing Laser for Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Pavel L. Volodin, MD, PhD; Elena V. Ivanova, MD, PhD. Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina. 2020;51(9):512-520. Pubmed PMID: 32955591

The experience of using the Navilas® Laser System for micropulse laser exposure in patients with central serous choriopathy. Pomytkina, NV, IZ Kravchenko, und EL Sorokin. Modern technologies in ophtalmology, Nr. 1 (2020). 

Micropulse laser therapy a safe treatment for retinal disorders. Di Carlo, E., Simni, C., Ophthalmology Times. July 2020. Read article

The Capabilities of Navigation in Microsecond Pulsing Laser Therapy. Prasad, P. Retinal Physician. June 2020. Read article

Оценки OD-OS в отношении микросекундной лазерной платформы Navilas®. Результаты подпороговых методов лечения заднего сегмента глаза. Хазлин Хасан (Hazlin Hassan). PIE Magazine. Сентябрь/октябрь 2019 read article

Сравнительный анализ фотодинамической терапии и навигационного микросекундного лазерного лечения хронической центральной серозной хориоретинопатии. Нтомока (Ntomoka), Киприан Габриэль (Cyprian Gabriel), Бинду Раджеш (Bindu Rajesh), Гачаго Мучаи Мурити (Gachago Muchai Muriithi), Абхилаш Гоуд (Abhilash Goud) и Джей Чхаблани. Eye, 12 февраля 2018. PubMed PMID: 29429986

Подпороговое микросекундное лазерное лечение пролиферативной диабетической ретинопатии: рандомизированное экспериментальное исследование. Джхинган Махима (Jhingan, Mahima); Гоуд Абхилаш; Пегуда Хари Кумар (Peguda, Hari Kumar); Кходани Митали (Khodani, Mitali), Луттрулл Джеффри К. (Luttrull Jeffrey K); Чхаблани Джей. 2018. Clinical Ophthalmology 2018:12 141-145. PubMed PMID: 29391774

Retinal Physician - Первоначальные опыты с желтым лазером с навигацией и микросекундными импульсами у пациентов с ДМО. Кернт Маркус “Retinal Physician. По состоянию на 22 ноября 2017. link

Желтый микросекундный лазер для коагуляции точек просачивания в субфовеальной области при центральной серозной хориоретинопатии. Амбия Викас (Ambiya, Vikas), Абхилаш Гоуд, Энни Матаи, Падмая Кумари Рани и Джей Чхаблани. Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) 10 (11 августа 2016): 1513. PubMed PMID: 27570446

Teleguidance with Navilas®

Cusumano A, Ross R, Falsini B, Lombardo M. Teleguided photocoagulation treatments across continents with a remotely programmed laser for retinal diseases. Ther Adv Ophthalmol. 2025 Jan 16;17:25158414241311078. doi: 10.1177/25158414241311078. PMID: 39831066; PMCID: PMC11736739. LINK

Conclusion: Remote teleguided retinal photocoagulation appears feasible, offering a promising tool for global collaborations in retina care and potential benefits to regions with limited access to expert supervision.

Innovative Teleguided Education for Retinal Laser: Navigating Challenges. Ziegler, M., Hakenes, T., & Kozak, I. (2024). Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 65(7), 4202-4202. https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2798914

Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that teleguided education for retinal laser is technically feasible, offering a viable solution for ensuring effective training. Our innovative approach navigates challenges in today's laser training, paving the way for accessible and high-quality laser education with a standardized concept and well-documented procedures to allow easier communication for doctors traveling from one country to another.

Retinal Laser Telephotocoagulation and Teleeducation. Kozak I. In: Grzybowski A, Luttrull JK, Kozak I, eds. Retina Lasers in Ophthalmology: Clinical Insights and Advancements. Springer International Publishing; 2023:305-308. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-25779-7_17        

New Product Applications: Teleguided Planning Pays Off - Laser device allows surgeons to prepare for procedures ahead of time, offer tele-education. Retinal Physican. 2022. Link

"The Teleguidance feature for the Navilas Laser System 577s by OD-OS enables retina specialists to remotely log in and pre-plan retinal laser treatments, review treatment plans stored on the device, and observe live treatments performed by novice users. This remote access makes expert knowledge available when resources are limited. Simultaneously, the new software plugin device allows for tele-education opportunities, in which students can observe treatments remotely."

Application of 5G Technology to Conduct Real-Time Teleretinal Laser Photocoagulation for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy. Chen, H., Pan, X., Yang, J., Fan, J., Qin, M., Sun, H., ... & Chen, Y. (2021). JAMA ophthalmology, 139(9), 975-982. Pubmed PMID: 34236391

Conclusion and relevance: "This study introduces a novel teleophthalmology paradigm to treat DR at a distance. Applying novel technologies may continue to ensure that remote patients with DR and other conditions have access to essential health care. Further studies will be needed to compare this approach with the current standard of care to determine whether visual acuity or safety outcomes differ."

Teleophthalmology Image-Based Navigated Retinal Laser Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Concept of Retinal Telephotocoagulation. Kozak, Igor, John F. Payne, Patrik Schatz, Eman Al-Kahtani, and Moritz Winkler. “Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, April 26, 2017. 
PubMed PMID: 28447201 

Conclusion: "This study introduces the concept of retinal telephotocoagulation for diabetic macular edema, and demonstrates the feasibility and safety of using telemedicine to perform navigated retinal laser treatments regardless of geographical distance."

Other Publications

The future of precise and safe eye laser treatment. Verega, F. (2024).Presented at the 19th SEEOS Congress, Chișinău. CZU: 617.753:615.849.19, pp. 68–68. "Nicolae Testemițanu" State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ophthalmologic Center "Eye Microsurgery".

Conclusion: Material and methods - a retrospective analysis of laser coagulation procedures performed on an outpatient basis using the Navilas 577 was performed. Results and conclusionsIt is a retinal laser system that brings a number of unique features and benefits thanks to its navigation technology.

Infrared live imaging and navigated laser for nematode photocoagulation in a child with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN);Christof Hänsli, Cornelia Staehelin, Alexandra Bograd, Christoph Tappeiner, American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports, Volume 36,2024,102102,ISSN 2451-9936,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoc.2024.102102.

Conclusions and Importance: Laser photocoagulation and systemic anthelminthic therapy are an established treatment for DUSN. Infrared imaging and navigated laser systems seem useful in targeting and killing mobile nematodes.

Navigation technology/eye-tracking in ophthalmology: principles, applications and benefits—a narrative review. Kozak, I., Rahn, U. AES Annals of Eye Science. Vol 6 (March 2021)https://aes.amegroups.com/article/view/5776

Summary: "Ophthalmology is traditionally a technological leader among medical and surgical specialties. Early adoption of the principles of navigation technology is an example of why this is so. Navigation in ophthalmology spans from imaging diagnostics to most advanced laser and surgical procedures, such as the treatment of refractive errors, accurate placement of artificial IOLs, or most selective laser treatment of retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy. Navigation has made our decision making more detailed and our treatments more accurate and safer. The natural results of this are more standardized and predictable procedures with better treatment outcomes and increased patient satisfaction."
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Topography-guided identification of leakage point in central serous chorioretinopathy: a base for fluorescein angiography-free focal laser photocoagulation. Maltsev, Dmitrii S; Kulikov, Alexei N; Chhablani, Jay.. Br J, Ophthalmol 2018; 0:1-8. PubMed PMID: 29301768

Conclusion: "This study demonstrates that PEDs localized in the upper half of the neurosensory detachment area and associated with the PROS thinning area coincided with the leakage point in a significant number of patients with CSC. The patients with non-resolving CSC with a small single PED localising in the upper one-third to one-half of the neurosensory detachment area with an area of PROS thinning above this PED may undergo FA-free OCT-guided FLP treating whole PED."

Evaluation of YAG-laser vitreolysis effectiveness based on quantitative characterization of vitreous floaters. Shaimova VA, Shaimov TB, Shaimov RB, Galin AY, Goloshchapova ZA, Ryzhkov PK, Fomin AV.. Vestn Oftalmol. 2018;134(1):56-62. PubMed PMID: 29543200

Conclusion: "Suggested methods of quantitative and qualitative assessment of artifactual shadows of the floaters in retinal layers are promising and may prove to be highly relevant for clinical monitoring of patients, optimization of treatment indications and evaluating effectiveness of YAG-laser vitreolysis. Further research of laser vitreolysis effectiveness in patients with vitreous floaters is necessary."

Shortening the Laser Photocoagulation Learning Curve with a Navigated System. Fassbender, Bernd. Retinal Physician. April 2017. link

Key Considerations: "Having the Navilas in my practice has improved practice efficiency. It is also preferred by patients and allows us to train doctors on photocoagulation safely and effectively."

Retro-Mode Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Planning for Navigated Macular Laser Photocoagulation in Macular Edema. Boiko, Ernest V., and Dmitrii S. Maltsev. Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016): 3726353. PubMed PMID: 26989498

Conclusion. "The RM-SLO image superimposed onto the fundus of the same eye can be used to guide MLP with narrow variability in treatment planning among retina specialists. The treatment areas suggested by RM-SLO-guided MLP plans for ME were shown to be larger than those suggested by OCT-guided plans."

Factors Affecting Laser Power in Retinal Navilas Laser Treatment. Hoeh, Alexandra E., Stefanie Pollithy, and Stefan Dithmar. Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 253, no. 6 (June 2015): 849–54. PubMed PMID: 25161075

Conclusions: "Among the examined parameters, focus setting had the strongest effect on the laser power needed to produce a mild visible burn. The association of focus with laser power can be explained by the focus-dependent change of retinal spot size. Lens status (phakic versus pseudophakic patients) seems to influence laser light transmission in the examined age group."

Navigated Laser (Navilas) Therapy For Choroidal Neovascular and Hyperpermeability Pathologies. Alshahrani, Saeed T., and Nicola G. Ghazi. Retinal Cases and Brief Reports 9, no. 2 (2015): 117–120. PubMed PMID: 25383841

Conclusion: "NAVILAS may be of utility in targeting choroidal vascular pathologies with laser."

Fluorescein Angiography versus Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided Planning for Macular Laser Photocoagulation in Diabetic Macular Edema. Kozak, Igor, Sharif Y. El-Emam, Lingyun Cheng, Dirk-Uwe Bartsch, Jay Chhablani, William R. Freeman, and J. Fernando Arevalo. “Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 34, no. 8 (2014): 1600. PubMed PMID: 24695064

Conclusion: "There is variability in the treatment planning for macular photocoagulation with a tendency to place more spots when guided by OCT than by FA. Integration of OCT map aligned to the retina may have an impact on treatment plan once such information is available."